Optical waveguides based on onedimensional organic crystals

Song Chen; Ming-Peng Zhuo; Xue-Dong Wang; Guo-Qing Wei; Liang-Sheng Liao

doi:10.1186/s43074-021-00024-2

Optical waveguides based on onedimensional organic crystals

doi: 10.1186/s43074-021-00024-2

基金项目:

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21703148 and 21971185) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170330).

计量
- 文章访问数: 195
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 125
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-08
- 录用日期: 2021-02-07
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-06

Optical waveguides based on one-dimensional organic crystals

1.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People’s Republic of China
2.
Institute of Organic Optoelectronics, JITRI, Wujiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215211, People’s Republic of China

Funds:

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21703148 and 21971185) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170330).

摘要

摘要: Optical waveguide of organic micro/nanocrystals is one of crucial elements in miniaturized integrated photonics. One-dimensional (1D) organic crystals with various optical features have attracted increasing interests towards promising photonic devices, such as multichannel signal converter, organic field-effect optical waveguide, sensitive detector, and optical logic gate. Therefore, a summary about the 1D organic micro/nanocrystals based optical waveguide is important for the rational design and fabrication of novel optical devices towards optoelectronics applications. Herein, recent advances of optical waveguide based on 1D organic micro/nanocrystals with solid, flexible, hollow, uniformly doped, core-shell, multiblock and branched structures are summarized from the aspects of the waveguide properties and applications in photonic devices. Furthermore, we presented our personal view about the expectation of future development in 1D organic optical waveguide for the photonic applications.
- /
- /
- /
- /
Abstract: Abstract
Optical waveguide of organic micro/nanocrystals is one of crucial elements in miniaturized integrated photonics. One-dimensional (1D) organic crystals with various optical features have attracted increasing interests towards promising photonic devices, such as multichannel signal converter, organic field-effect optical waveguide, sensitive detector, and optical logic gate. Therefore, a summary about the 1D organic micro/nanocrystals based optical waveguide is important for the rational design and fabrication of novel optical devices towards optoelectronics applications. Herein, recent advances of optical waveguide based on 1D organic micro/nanocrystals with solid, flexible, hollow, uniformly doped, core-shell, multiblock and branched structures are summarized from the aspects of the waveguide properties and applications in photonic devices. Furthermore, we presented our personal view about the expectation of future development in 1D organic optical waveguide for the photonic applications.
Graphical abstract
- Organic semiconductor molecules /
- Self-assembly /
- Organic micro/nanostructures /
- Optical waveguide /
- Organic photonics

HTML全文

参考文献(110)

[1]	Zhang C, Zhao YS, Yao JN. Optical waveguides at micro/nanoscale based on functional small organic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011;13:9060–73.
[2]	Cui QH, Zhao YS, Yao JN. Photonic applications of one-dimensional organic single-crystalline nanostructures: optical waveguides and optically pumped lasers. J Mater Chem. 2012;22:4136–40.
[3]	Yanagi H, Morikawa T. Self-waveguided blue light emission in p-sexiphenyl crystals epitaxially grown by mask-shadowing vapor deposition. Appl Phys Lett. 1999;75:187–9.
[4]	Clark J, Lanzani G. Organic photonics for communications. Nat Photonics. 2010;4:438–46.
[5]	An BK, Kwon SK, Park SY. Photopatterned arrays of fluorescent organic nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2007;46:1978–82.
[6]	Shi YL, Zhuo MP, Wang XD, Liao LS. Two-dimensional organic semiconductor crystals for photonics applications. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2020;3:1080–97.
[7]	Collet E, Lemee-Cailleau MH, Buron-Le Cointe M, Cailleau H, Wulff M, Luty T, Koshihara SY, Meyer M, Toupet L, Rabiller P, Techert SM, Toupet L, Rabiller P, Techert S. Laser-induced ferroelectric structural order in an organic charge-transfer crystal. Science. 2003;300:612–5.
[8]	Zhao YS, Wu JS, Huang JX. Vertical organic nanowire arrays controlled synthesis and chemical sensors. J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131:3158–9.
[9]	Luo JD, Xie ZL, Lam JWY, Cheng L, Chen HY, Qiu CF, Kwok HS, Zhan XW, Liu YQ, Zhu DB, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole. Chem Commun. 2001:1740–1.
[10]	Lei YL, Jin Y, Zhou DY, Gu W, Shi XB, Liao LS, Lee ST. White-light emitting microtubes of mixed organic charge-transfer complexes. Adv Mater. 2012;24:5345–51.
[11]	Zhang YF, Peng C, Cui B, Wang ZF, Pang XB, Ma RM, Liu F, Che YK, Zhao JC. Direction-controlled light-driven movement of microribbons. Adv Mater. 2016;28:8538–45.
[12]	Bisri SZ, Piliego C, Gao J, Loi MA. Outlook and emerging semiconducting materials for ambipolar transistors. Adv Mater. 2014;26:1176–99.
[13]	Guo YL, Yu G, Liu YQ. Functional organic field-effect transistors. Adv Mater. 2010;22:4427–47.
[14]	Mas-Torrent M, Hadley P, Bromley S, Ribas X, Tarres J, Mas M, Molins E, Veciana J, Rovira C. Correlation between crystal structure and mobility in organic field-effect transistors based on single crystals of Tetrathiafulvalene derivatives. J Am Chem Soc. 2004;126:8546–53.
[15]	Kim J, Cho S, Kang J, Kim YH, Park SK. Large-scale organic single-crystal thin films and transistor arrays via the evaporation-controlled fluidic channel method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014;6:7133–40.
[16]	Helfrich W, Schneider WG. Recombination radiation in Anthracene crystals. Phys Rev Lett. 1965;14:229–31.
[17]	Che Y, Yang X, Loser S, Zang L. Expedient vapor probing of organic amines using fluorescent Nanofibers fabricated from an n-type organic semiconductor. Nano Lett. 2008;8:2219–23.
[18]	Li ZZ, Liang F, Zhuo MP, Shi YL, Wang XD, Liao LS. White-emissive self-assembled organic microcrystals. Small. 2017;13:1604110.
[19]	Zheng JY, Zhang C, Zhao YS, Yao JN. Detection of chemical vapors with tunable emission of binary organic nanobelts. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010;12:12935–8.
[20]	Zhang HY, Zhang ZL, Ye KQ, Zhang JY, Wang Y. Organic crystals with tunable emission colors based on a single organic molecule and different molecular packing structures. Adv Mater. 2006;18:2369–72.
[21]	Chandrasekar R. Organic photonics: prospective nano/micro scale passive organic optical waveguides obtained from π-conjugated ligand molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2014;16:7173–83.
[22]	Venkatakrishnarao D, Mohiddon MA, Chandrasekhar N, Chandrasekar R. Photonic microrods composed of photoswitchable molecules: erasable heterostructure waveguides for tunable optical modulation. Adv Opt Mater. 2015;3:1035–40.
[23]	Chandrasekhar N, Mohiddon MA, Chandrasekar R. Organic submicro tubular optical waveguides: self-assembly, diverse geometries, efficiency, and remote sensing properties. Adv Opt Mater. 2013;1:305–11.
[24]	Hui P, Chandrasekar R. Light propagation in high-spin organic microtubes self-assembled from shape persistent macrocycles carrying oxo-verdazyl biradicals. Adv Mater. 2013;25:2963–7.
[25]	Basak S, Chandrasekar. Passive optical waveguiding organic rectangular tubes: tube cutting, controlling light propagation distance and multiple optical out-put. J Mater Chem C. 2014;2:1404.
[26]	Lin CCC, Chang PH, Su YW, Helmy AS. Monolithic Plasmonic Waveguide Architecture for Passive and Active Optical Circuits. Nano Lett. 2020;20:2950–7.
[27]	Annadhasan M, Agrawal AR, Bhunia S, Pradeep VV, Zade SS, Reddy CM, Chandrasekar R. Mechanophotonics: flexible single-crystal organic waveguides and circuits. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2020;59:13852–8.
[28]	Zhao GY, Dong HL, Liao Q, Jiang J, Luo Y, Fu HB, Hu WP. Organic field-effect optical waveguides. Nat Commun. 2018;9:4790–7.
[29]	Zhang C, Zheng JY, Zhao YS, Yao JN. Self-modulated white light outcoupling in doped organic nanowire waveguides via the fluctuations of singlet and triplet excitons during propagation. Adv Mater. 2011;23:1380–4.
[30]	Zheng JY, Yan YL, Wang XP, Zhao YS, Huang JX, Yao JN. Wire-on-wire growth of fluorescent organic heterojunctions. J Am Chem Soc. 2012;134:2880–3.
[31]	Zheng JY, Yan Y, Wang X, Shi W, Ma H, Zhao YS, Yao JN. Hydrogen peroxide vapor sensing with organic core/sheath nanowire optical waveguides. Adv Mater. 2012;24:OP194–9 OP86.
[32]	Zhuo MP, Wu JJ, Wang XD, Tao YC, Yuan Y, Liao LS. Hierarchical self-assembly of organic heterostructure nanowires. Nat Commun. 2019;10:3839.
[33]	Bao QL, Goh BM, Yan B, Yu T, Shen ZA, Loh KP. Polarized emission and optical waveguide in crystalline perylene diimide microwires. Adv Mater. 2010;22:3661–6.
[34]	Li Q, Jia Y, Dai LR, Yang Y, Li JB. Controlled rod nanostructured assembly of Diphenylalanine and their optical waveguide properties. ACS Nano. 2015;9:2689–95.
[35]	Cui QH, Peng Q, Luo Y, Jiang YQ, Yan YL, Wei C, Shuai ZG, Sun C, Yao JN, Zhao YS. Asymmetric photon transport in organic semiconductor nanowires through electrically controlled exciton diffusion. Sci Adv. 2018;4:eaap9861.
[36]	Wei GQ, Tao YC, Wu JJ, Li ZZ, Zhuo MP, Wang XD, Liao LS. Low-threshold organic lasers based on single-crystalline microribbons of aggregation-induced emission Luminogens. J Phys Chem Lett. 2019;10:679–84.
[37]	Hayashi S, Yamamoto SY, Takeuchi D, Ie Y, Takagi K. Creating Elastic Organic Crystals of π-Conjugated Molecules with Bending Mechanofluorochromism and Flexible Optical Waveguide. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2018;57:17002–8.
[38]	Liu HP, Lu ZQ, Zhang ZL, Wang Y, Zhang HY. Highly elastic organic crystals for flexible optical waveguides. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2018;57:8448.
[39]	Pradeep VV, Tardío C, Torres-Moya I, Rodríguez AM, Kumar AV, Annadhasan M, Hoz ADL, Prieto P, Chandrasekar R. Mechanical processing of naturally bent organic crystalline microoptical waveguides and junctions. Small. 2020;17:2006795.
[40]	Zhao YS, Xu JJ, Peng AD, Fu HB, Ma Y, Jiang L, Yao JN. Optical waveguide based on crystalline organic microtubes and microrods. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2008;47:7301–5.
[41]	Seok Min Yoon JL, Je JH, Choi HC, Yoon M. Optical Waveguiding and lasing action in Porphyrin rectangular microtube with Subwavelength Wall thicknesses. ACS Nano. 2011;5:2923–7.
[42]	Zhuo MP, Tao YC, Wang XD, Chen S, Liao LS. Rational synthesis of organic single-crystalline microrods and microtubes for efficient optical waveguides. J Mater Chem C. 2018;6:9594–8.
[43]	Liao Q, Fu HB, Yao JN. Waveguide modulator by energy remote relay from binary organic crystalline microtubes. Adv Mater. 2009;21:4153–7.
[44]	Zhuo MP, Fei XY, Tao YC, Fan J, Wang XD, Xie WF, Liao LS. In situ construction of one-dimensional component-interchange organic Core/Shell microrods for multicolor continuous-variable optical waveguide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019;11:5298–305.
[45]	Li ZZ, Wu JJ, Wang XD, Wang KL, Zhang S, Xie WF, Liao LS. Controllable fabrication of in-series organic Heterostructures for optical waveguide application. Adv Opt Mater. 2019;7:1900373.
[46]	Sun MJ, Liu YY, Yan YM, Li R, Shi Q, Zhao YS, Zhong YW, Yao JN. In situ visualization of assembly and photonic signal processing in a triplet light-harvesting Nanosystem. J Am Chem Soc. 2018;140:4269–78.
[47]	Kong QH, Liao Q, Xu ZZ, Wang XD, Yao JN, Fu HB. Epitaxial self-assembly of binary molecular components into branched nanowire heterostructures for photonic applications. J Am Chem Soc. 2014;136:2382–8.
[48]	Li ZZ, Tao YC, Wang XD, Liao LS. Organic Nanophotonics: self-assembled single-crystalline homo−/Heterostructures for optical waveguides. ACS Photo. 2018;5:3763–71.
[49]	Min S, Dhamsaniya A, Zhang L, Hou G, Huang Z, Pambhar K, Shah AK, Mehta VP, Liu Z, Song B. Scale effect of a fluorescent waveguide in organic micromaterials: a case study based on Coumarin microfibers. J Phys Chem Lett. 2019;10:5997–6002.
[50]	Yan YL, Zhao YS. Exciton Polaritons in 1D organic Nanocrystals. Adv Funct Mater. 2012;22:1330–2.
[51]	Zhang C, Zou CL, Yan Y, Hao R, Sun FW, Han ZF, Zhao YS, Yao JN. Two-photon pumped lasing in single-crystal organic nanowire Exciton Polariton resonators. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133:7276–9.
[52]	Andreani L, Panzarini G, Gerard J. Strong-coupling regime for quantum boxes in pillar microcavities theory. Phys Rev B. 1999;60:13276–9.
[53]	Pile D, Forrest S. Organic polariton laser. Nat Photonics. 2010;4:402.
[54]	Takazawa K, Inoue J, Mitsuishi K, Takamasu T. Fraction of a millimeter propagation of exciton polaritons in photoexcited nanofibers of organic dye. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:067401.
[55]	Takazawa K, Inoue J, Mitsuishi K, Takamasu T. Micrometer-scale photonic circuit components based on propagation of exciton polaritons in organic dye nanofibers. Adv Mater. 2011;23:3659–63.
[56]	van Vugt LK, Ruhle S, Ravindran P, Gerritsen HC, Kuipers L, Vanmaekelbergh D. Exciton polaritons confined in a ZnO nanowire cavity. Phys Rev Lett. 2006;97:147401.
[57]	Zhao YS, Zhan P, Kim JY, Sun C, Huang JX. Patterned growth of vertically aligned. ACS Nano. 2010;4:1630–6.
[58]	Wang JF, Gudiksen MS, Duan XF, Cui Y, Lieber CM. Highly polarized photoluminescence and photodetection from single indium phosphide nanowires. Science. 2001;293:1455–7.
[59]	Wang ZL. Nanobelts, nanowires, and Nanodiskettes of semiconducting oxides-from materials to Nanodevices. Adv Mater. 2003;15:432–6.
[60]	Kind H, Yan HQ, Messer B, Law M, Yang PD. Nanowire ultraviolet Photodetectors and optical switches. Adv Mater. 2002;14:158–3.
[61]	Wang XD, Liao Q, Kong QH, Zhang Y, Xu ZZ, Lu XM, Fu HB. Whispering-gallery-mode microlaser based on self-assembled organic single-crystalline hexagonal microdisks. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2014;53:5863–7.
[62]	Wang XD, Li H, Wu YS, Xu ZZ, Fu HB. Tunable morphology of the self-assembled organic microcrystals for the efficient laser optical resonator by molecular modulation. J Am Chem Soc. 2014;136:16602–8.
[63]	Wang XD, Liao Q, Li H, Bai SM, Wu YS, Lu XM, Hu HY, Shi Q, Fu HB. Near-infrared lasing from small-molecule organic hemispheres. J Am Chem Soc. 2015;137:9289–95.
[64]	Briseno AL, Mannsfeld SCB, Ling MM, Liu SH, Tseng RJ, Reese C, Roberts ME, Yang Y, Wudl F, Bao ZN. Patterning organic single-crystal transistor arrays. Nature. 2006;444:913–7.
[65]	Bisri SZ, Takenobu T, Yomogida Y, Shimotani H, Yamao T, Hotta S, Iwasa Y. High mobility and luminescent efficiency in organic single-crystal light-emitting transistors. Adv Funct Mater. 2009;19:1728–35.
[66]	Hotta S, Yamao T, Bisri SZ, Takenobu T, Iwasa Y. Organic single-crystal light-emitting field-effect transistors. J Mater Chem C. 2014;2:965–80.
[67]	Zhu WG, Zheng RH, Fu XL, Fu HB, Shi Q, Zhen YG, Dong HL, Hu WP. Revealing the charge-transfer interactions in self-assembled organic cocrystals: two-dimensional photonic applications. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2015;54:6785–9.
[68]	Yu PP, Zhen YG, Dong HL, Hu WP. Crystal engineering of organic optoelectronic materials. Chem. 2019;5:2814–53.
[69]	Yan B, Liao L, You YM, Xu XJ, Zheng Z, Shen ZX, Ma J, Tong LM, Yu T. Single-crystalline V₂O₅ ultralong nanoribbon waveguides. Adv Mater. 2009;21:2436–40.
[70]	Sun FF, Sun LX, Zhang B, Chen G, Wang HL, Shen XC, Wei L. Optical waveguide of buckled CdS nanowires modulated by strain engineering. ACS Photo. 2018;5:746–51.
[71]	Jadhav T, Dhokale B, Patil Y, Mobin SM, Misra R. Multi-stimuli responsive donor–acceptor Tetraphenylethylene substituted Benzothiadiazoles. J Phys Chem C. 2016;120:24030–40.
[72]	Yao W, Yan YL, Xue L, Zhang C, Li GP, Zheng QD, Zhao YS, Jiang H, Yao JN. Controlling the structures and photonic properties of organic nanomaterials by molecular design. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2013;52:8713–7.
[73]	Zhang C, Yan YL, Zhao YS, Yao JN. From molecular design and materials construction to organic nanophotonic devices. Acc Chem Res. 2014;47:3448–58.
[74]	Mitetelo N, Venkatakrishnarao D, Ravi J, Popov M, Mamonov E, Murzina TV, Chandrasekar R. Chirality-controlled multiphoton luminescence and second-harmonic generation from Enantiomeric organic micro-optical waveguides. Adv Opt Mater. 2019;7:1801775–6.
[75]	High AA, Novitskaya EE, Butov LV, Hanson M, Gossard AC. Control of exciton fluxes in an excitonic integrated circuit. Science. 2008;321:229–31.
[76]	Davoyan A, Engheta N. Electrically controlled one-way photon flow in plasmonic nanostructures. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5250.
[77]	Xu Q, Schmidt B, Pradhan S, Lipson M. Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator. Nature. 2005;435:325–7.
[78]	Hu WL, Chen YK, Jiang H, Li J, Zou JG, Zhang QJ, Zhang DG, Wang P, Ming H. Optical waveguide based on a polarized polydiacetylene microtube. Adv Mater. 2014;26:3136–41.
[79]	Yan Y, Zhang C, Zheng JY, Yao JN, Zhao YS. Optical modulation based on direct photon-plasmon coupling in organic/metal nanowire heterojunctions. Adv Mater. 2012;24:5681–6.
[80]	Liu Y, Hu HP, Xu L, Qiu B, Liang J, Ding F, Wang K, Chu MM, Zhang W, Ma M, Chen B, Yang XZ, Zhao YS. Orientation-controlled 2D anisotropic and isotropic photon transport in co-crystal polymorph microplates. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2020;59:4456–63.
[81]	Tang B, Zhang ZL, Liu HP, Zhang HY. Amplified spontaneous emission, optical waveguide and polarized emission based on 2,5-diaminoterephthalates. Chin Chem Lett. 2017;28:2129–32.
[82]	Ghosh S, Reddy CM. Elastic and bendable caffeine cocrystals: implications for the design of flexible organic materials. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2012;51:10319–23.
[83]	Ghosh S, Mishra MK, Kadambi SB, Ramamurty U, Desiraju GR. Designing elastic organic crystals: highly flexible polyhalogenated N-benzylideneanilines. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2015;54:2674–8.
[84]	Catalano L, Karothu DP, Schramm S, Ahmed E, Rezgui R, Barber TJ, Famulari A, Naumov P. Dual-mode light transduction through a plastically bendable organic crystal as an optical waveguide. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2018;57:17254–8.
[85]	Annadhasan M, Karothu DP, Chinnasamy R, Catalano L, Ahmed E, Ghosh S, Naumov P, Chandrasekar R. Micromanipulation of mechanically compliant organic single-Crystal Optical microwaveguides. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2020;59:13821–30.
[86]	Zhu L, Al-Kaysi RO, Bardeen CJ. Reversible photoinduced twisting of molecular crystal microribbons. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133:12569–75.
[87]	Saha S, Desiraju GR. Crystal engineering of hand-twisted helical crystals. J Am Chem Soc. 2017;139:1975–83.
[88]	Zhuo MP, Zhang YX, Li ZZ, Shi YL, Wang XD, Liao LS. Controlled synthesis of organic single-crystalline nanowires via the synergy approach of the bottom-up/top-down processes. Nanoscale. 2018;10:5140–7.
[89]	Fang XY, Yang XG, Yan DP. Vapor-phase π-π molecular recognition: a fast and solvent-free strategy towards the formation of co-crystalline hollow microtube with 1D optical waveguide and up-conversion emission. J Mater Chem C. 2017;5:1632–7.
[90]	Venkataramudu U, Venkatakrishnarao D, Chandrasekhar N, Mohiddon MA, Chandrasekar R. Single-particle to single-particle transformation of an active type organic μ-tubular homo-structure photonic resonator into a passive type hetero-structure resonator. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2016;18:15528–33.
[91]	Sun YQ, Lei YL, Liao LS, Hu WP. Competition between Arene-Perfluoroarene and charge-transfer interactions in organic light-harvesting systems. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2017;56:10352–6.
[92]	Sun YQ, Lei YL, Sun XH, Lee ST, Liao LS. Charge-transfer emission of mixed organic Cocrystal microtubes over the whole composition range. Chem Mater. 2015;27:1157–63.
[93]	Xia HY, Chen YK, Yang G, Zou G, Zhang QJ, Zhang DG, Wang P, Ming H. Optical modulation of waveguiding in spiropyran-functionalized polydiacetylene microtube. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014;6:15466–71.
[94]	Zhou ZH, Zhao JY, Du YX, Wang K, Liang J, Yan YL, Zhao YS. Organic printed Core-Shell Heterostructure arrays: a universal approach to all-color laser display panels. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2020;59:11814–8.
[95]	Joo SH, Park JY, Tsung CK, Yamada Y, Yang P, Somorjai GA. Thermally stable Pt/mesoporous silica core-shell nanocatalysts for high-temperature reactions. Nat Mater. 2009;8:126–31.
[96]	Jang J, Oh JH. Facile fabrication of photochromic dye–conducting polymer Core–Shell Nanomaterials and their photoluminescence. Adv Mater. 2003;15:977–80.
[97]	Cui QH, Jiang L, Zhang C, Zhao YS, Hu WP, Yao JN. Coaxial organic p-n heterojunction nanowire arrays: one-step synthesis and photoelectric properties. Adv Mater. 2012;24:2332–6.
[98]	Pan DC, Wang Q, Jiang SC, Ji XL, An LJ. Synthesis of extremely small CdSe and highly luminescent CdSe/CdS Core-Shell Nanocrystals via a novel two-phase thermal approach. Adv Mater. 2005;17:176–4.
[99]	Mahler B, Nadal B, Bouet C, Patriarche G, Dubertret B. Core/shell colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets. J Am Chem Soc. 2012;134:18591–8.
[100]	Zhu WG, Zhu LY, Zou Y, Wu YS, Zhen YG, Dong HL, Fu HB, Wei ZX, Shi Q, Hu WP. Deepening insights of charge transfer and Photophysics in a novel donor-acceptor Cocrystal for waveguide couplers and photonic logic computation. Adv Mater. 2016;28:5954–62.
[101]	Lei YL, Liao Q, Fu HB, Jao JN. Orange-blue-Orange Triblock one-dimensional Heterostructures of organic microrods for white-light emission. J Am Chem Soc. 2010;132:1742.
[102]	Ye X, Liu Y, Guo Q, Han Q, Ge C, Cui S, Zhang L, Tao XT. 1D versus 2D cocrystals growth via microspacing in-air sublimation. Nat Commun. 2019;10:761.
[103]	Zhang C, Yan YL, Jing YY, Shi Q, Zhao YS, Yao JN. One-dimensional organic photonic heterostructures: rational construction and spatial engineering of excitonic emission. Adv Mater. 2012;24:1703–8.
[104]	Zhang C, Yan Y, Yao JN, Zhao YS. Manipulation of light flows in organic color-graded microstructures towards integrated photonic heterojunction devices. Adv Mater. 2013;25:2854–9.
[105]	Yang C, Gu L, Ma C, Gu M, Xie X, Shi H, Ma H, Yao W, An Z, Huang W. Controllable co-assembly of organic micro/nano heterostructures from fluorescent and phosphorescent molecules for dual anti-counterfeiting. Mater Horiz. 2019;6:984–9.
[106]	Tao YC, Peng S, Wang XD, Li ZZ, Zhang XJ, Liao LS. Sequential self-assembly of 1D branched organic Homostructures with optical logic gate function. Adv Funct Mater. 2018;28:1804915.
[107]	Zhang Y, Liao Q, Wang XG, Yao JN, Fu HB. Lattice-matched epitaxial growth of organic Heterostructures for integrated optoelectronic application. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2017;56:3616–20.
[108]	Fang YR, Li ZP, Huang YZ, Zhang SP, Nordlander P, Halas NJ, Xu HX. Branched silver nanowires as controllable plasmon routers. Nano Lett. 2010;10:1950–4.
[109]	Yao W, Han GC, Huang F, Chu MM, Peng Q, Hu FQ, Yi YP, Jiang H, Yao JN, Zhao YS. "H"-like organic nanowire Heterojunctions constructed from cooperative molecular assembly for photonic applications. Adv Sci. 2015;2:1500130.
[110]	Yu Y, Tao YC, Zou SN, Li ZZ, Yan CC, Zhuo MP, Wang XD, Liao LS. Organic heterostructures composed of one- and two-dimensional polymorphs for photonic applications. Sci China Chem. 2020;63:1477–82.